Explore the Rich Culture and History of Poland
From romantic tales of medieval knights and castles to the horror and destruction of World War II, Poland tells a complex story. Travellers are captivated and moved by its remarkable history of heroic resilience and tragedy, detailing a determined stand against communism and its now modern outlook and economy.
Poland was the country most devastated by World War II in Eastern Europe, losing about a quarter of its population and almost its entire Jewish community. The aftermath of the war greatly influenced its character. Former Jewish centres in the cities and the concentration camps where the Nazis carried out their atrocities remain as the most stirring reminders of the nation’s tragedies. Cities destroyed by the war had to be rebuilt from scratch and the many meticulously restored buildings and historic old towns are testimony to a proud and determined people.
Warsaw, the capital, was almost totally destroyed by the war and now presents an unusual mix of beautifully restored historic buildings, communist-era concrete structures and modern fashion. The maritime city of Gdansk, home to the historic garrison at Westerplatte and the legendary Lenin Shipyard, was the stage for both the beginning of World War II and the disintegration of Eastern European communism.
But it’s Krakow, the ancient royal capital, that draws the crowds, rivalling the elegance of cities like Prague and Vienna. Having largely escaped the destruction of the war, it retains its medieval character: the Royal Castle, the grand Market Square, the old Jewish quarter and the nearby Nazi death camps of Auschwitz are all steeped in historical importance.
The unspoilt Baltic coastline and the splendour of the rugged mountain ranges of the Tatras will impress outdoor enthusiasts, with a variety of activities and scenery to provide a peaceful and relaxing break from the intensity of the country’s history.
Along with the legendary hospitality of Polish people, a sense of nationhood to which the Catholic Church is fundamental and a strong musical and cultural sense of identity, its tourism infrastructure is flourishing and the country is experiencing a remarkable increase in the number of visitors to its shores.
Key Facts
- Language:
- The national language is Polish; however, English is widely understood in tourist areas.
- Passport/Visa:
A passport valid for at least three months after period of intended stay is needed for those who require a visa. Generally, visa exempt nationals must have a passport valid for period of intended stay (other than EEA nationals). The borderless region known as the Schengen area includes the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. All these countries issue a standard Schengen visa that has a multiple entry option that allows the holder to travel freely within the borders of all.
- Currency:
The official currency is the Polish zloty (PLN), divided into 100 groszy. Poland still uses cash more frequently than visitors might expect, while ATMs (bankomats) and credit card facilities are available in major towns and cities. Money can be exchanged in the cities and larger towns at banks, hotels or bureaux de change called kantors, which offer the best rates. Banks are open Monday to Friday from 10am to 6pm, and some are open on Saturday until 1pm.
- Electricity:
- Electrical current is 230 volts, 50Hz. The standard two-pin European style plugs are used.
Overview
When sightseeing around Poland you’ll find all the hallmarks of European charm in abundance: alpine mountains, historic buildings, resplendent lakes, lush meadows, untainted beaches, and some fascinating albiet harrowing sites from the Second World War.
The capital of Warsaw was the first city to fall to Hitler and had to be almost completely rebuilt after the 1944 invasion. Parts of the Old Town were built to replicate the city as it had stood in the 17th and 18th centuries and the Historical Museum of Warsaw, a salute to the city’s violent past, is a must. A visit to Poland would not be complete without a trip to the country’s most significant wartime landmark: Auschwitz, Hitler’s biggest and most notorious concentration camp.
About two hours north of Warsaw is the Bialowieza Primaeval Forest, a UNESCO World Heritage Site which is one of the last remnants of the European primeval forest which once covered most the continent. Further north visitors will find other rare vestiges of old Europe, like the Gothic Castle in Malbork, the largest and most impressive brick fortress in Europe. There are several other wooden and stone churches, temples and other impressive buildings throughout Poland’s vast and glorious countryside, which can be traversed by bus or train.
The city of Krakow is the most popular tourist destination in Poland, and the city which suffered least during the war. The main attraction is the remarkably well-preserved medieval centre, but Krakow is a cosmopolitan, modern city boasting the wonderful mix between old and new which characterises the whole country.
Climate in Poland
Poland’s climate is moderate and temperate, characterised by cold winters and warm summers, with continental influences from the east and maritime influences from the west. The weather in Poland is highly changeable. There are, however, four distinct seasons, and spring and summer are usually lovely in Poland. Winters become increasingly severe inland from the Baltic coast, with January temperatures in Warsaw averaging 23°F (-5°C). In summer it is hotter inland, with July temperatures in Warsaw averaging 66°F (19°C).
Rain can be expected throughout the year, particularly in the southern mountains, and Poland is frequently cloudy and foggy. The best time to visit Poland is during the warmer months of spring and summer, between May and August. Early autumn, in September and October, is also a pleasant and mild time of year to visit. The peak tourist season is in July and August but travellers should note that many Poles take their annual leave at this time, making the tourist hotspots in Krakow and Sopot overcrowded in the height of summer. Budget travellers should consider travelling outside of the peak season.
Health Notes when travelling to Poland
There are few health risks associated with travel to Poland. After Brexit, the Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) replaced the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) for UK citizens. The GHIC allows UK citizens access to state healthcare during visits to the EU. The GHIC is not valid in Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein or Switzerland, nor is it an alternative to travel insurance. Medical facilities and standards of healthcare are good, but not many nurses or doctors speak English. If travellers take prescription medication along, they should be sure to bring a signed and dated letter from a doctor detailing what it is and why it is needed.
Safety Notes when travelling to Poland
Having said that, visits to Poland are usually trouble free, and the precautions travellers should take are merely the safety measures advised for cities all over the world.
Customs in Poland
Family is incredibly important in Polish society, with many citizens relying heavily on their close-knit inner circles which also may include close friends. Parties can be formal, so don’t be surprised if you’re introduced by your host and try to use the prefix ‘Pan’ for males and ‘Pani’ for females when addressing others. It serves as the Polish equivalent for ‘Mr’ and ‘Ms’.
Duty Free in Poland
Travellers to Poland over 17 years, arriving from non-EU countries, do not have to pay duty on 250 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 250g tobacco; 1 litre wine and 1 litre spirits; cosmetics and medicines for personal use; gifts up to the value of €430. Travellers to Poland arriving from within the EU do not have to pay duty on 800 cigarettes or 200 cigars or 1kg smoking tobacco; 10 litres spirits, 90 litres wine and 110 litres beer. Prohibited items include birds and poultry arriving from countries infected with avian influenza. The export of all articles of artistic, historic or cultural value are subject to special regulations.
Doing Business in Poland
Poland has an interesting mix of the old and the new, and this is apparent in the business world too. Women can expect a kiss on the hand rather than a handshake from the older generation and one can expect to be warmly offered drinks during meetings; it is impolite to refuse. Although the Polish are hospitable and friendly, business is still conducted formally. Punctuality is important, dress should be formal and conservative (a suit and tie are the norm) and business cards are exchanged. Use titles and last names unless otherwise indicated. English is widely spoken, though attempting some basic Polish phrases will be appreciated. Business hours in Poland are traditionally 8am to 4pm Monday to Friday, and lunch breaks are not a given as they are often unpaid.
Communication in Poland
The international access code for Poland is +48 and wifi is available in towns and cities.
Tipping in Poland
Tipping is expected in restaurants in Poland and 15 percent is the standard for good service. In restaurants, when your bill is collected, saying ‘thank you’ signals to the waiter/waitress that they can keep the change. Tipping is not the norm in hotels across Poland, but taxis, tours and spas generally expect no less than 10 percent tip for good service.
Passport/Visa Note
A passport valid for at least three months after period of intended stay is needed for those who require a visa. Generally, visa exempt nationals must have a passport valid for period of intended stay (other than EEA nationals). The borderless region known as the Schengen area includes the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. All these countries issue a standard Schengen visa that has a multiple entry option that allows the holder to travel freely within the borders of all.
Entry Requirements
- Entry requirements for Americans:
US nationals do not require a visa for stays of up to 90 days within a 180-day period. Passports must be valid for three months beyond period of intended stay.
- Entry requirements for Canadians:
Canadian nationals do not require a visa for stays of up to 90 days within a 180-day period. Passports must be valid for three months beyond period of intended stay.
- Entry requirements for UK nationals:
UK nationals do not require a visa for stays of up to 90 days within a 180-day period. Passports must be valid for three months beyond period of intended stay.
- Entry requirements for Australians:
Australians require a passport valid for at least three months beyond period of intended stay. No visa is required for stays of up to 90 days within a 180-day period.
- Entry requirements for Irish nationals:
Irish nationals require a passport valid on arrival, but no visa is necessary.
- Entry requirements for New Zealanders:
New Zealand nationals require a passport valid for at least three months beyond the period of intended stay. A visa is not needed for up to 90 days within a 180-day period.
- Entry requirements for South Africans:
South African passport holders require a visa for travel to Poland. Passports must be valid for at least three months beyond period of intended stay.
Tourist Offices
Polish National Tourist Office, Warsaw: +48 (0)22 536 7070 or http://www.pot.gov.pl.
Poland Embassies
- In the United States:
Polish Embassy, Washington DC, United States: +1 202 499 1700.
- In Canada:
Polish Embassy, Ottawa, Canada: +1 613 789 0468.
- In the United Kingdom:
Polish Embassy, London, United Kingdom: +44 20 7291 3520.
- In Australia:
Polish Embassy, Sydney, Australia: +61 2 6272 1000.
- In Ireland:
Polish Embassy, Dublin, Ireland: +353 1 283 0855.
- In New Zealand:
Polish Embassy, Wellington, New Zealand: +64 4 499 7844.
- In South Africa:
Polish Embassy, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 12 430 2632.
Foreign Embassies in Poland
- American Embassy
United States Embassy, Warsaw: +48 22 504 2000.
- Canadian Embassy
Canadian Embassy, Warsaw: +48 22 584 3100.
- British Embassy
British Embassy, Warsaw: +48 22 311 0000.
- Australian Embassy
Australian Embassy, Warsaw: +48 22 521 3444.
- Irish Embassy
Irish Embassy, Warsaw: +48 22 564 2200.
- New Zealand Embassy
New Zealand Embassy, Warsaw: +48 22 521 0500.
- South African Embassy
South African Embassy, Warsaw: +48 22 622 1031.
Public Holidays Around the World
Planning your year? Knowing public holidays in different countries can help you plan trips, schedule events, or understand global schedules. Below, find a comprehensive list of public holidays sorted by country.
