Explore the Natural Wonders and Culture of Nicaragua
Though political unrest has given way to a period of calm and stability in scenic Nicaragua, the country has not quite escaped the stigma of the past and become the major tourist destination it deserves to be.
However, the tourism industry is growing. Nature lovers will adore the rich tapestry of flora and fauna within this Central American wonderland. It is only a matter of time before more travellers appreciate what a lucky few have already found.
Positioned between Costa Rica to the south and Honduras to the north, the country is flanked by seas on two sides: the Atlantic Caribbean stretches along its eastern shores, with the Pacific Ocean stretching out to the west.
Nicaragua is known as ‘the land of lakes and volcanoes’, with countless lagoons and lakes connected by networks of interlacing rivers and a chain of smouldering mountains and lava fields running along the country’s Pacific side. Lago de Nicaragua, a 99-mile (160km) long freshwater, shark-inhabited lake, dominates the terrain of the southwest.
Rainforest blankets much of the lowlands, while high quality coffee beans grow along the highland slopes. Incredible animals make their homes in these environments: millions of sea turtles are born on the sandy western beaches, while jaguars and three-toed sloths roam the jungle canopies.
The lively Pacific western coastline produces great waves for surfing vacations, while tourists can appreciate the mix of languages and cultures along the relaxed eastern coast and embrace the Caribbean lifestyle with the locals.
The capital, Managua, isn’t a picturesque city. Its modern facilities, like the airport and hospitals, make it a convenient stop for travellers. The colonial architecture of many cities and towns makes for some romantic destinations.
The atmosphere is more reminiscent of the days of Spanish rule than of modern Nicaragua. The country remains relatively underdeveloped. For some, this can mean unwanted difficulties. But for others, it is a chance for unique experiences and unspoiled attractions.
Key Facts
- Language:
- The official language in Nicaragua is Spanish. Some communities on the Caribbean Coast speak indigenous languages. English is understood at some tourist destinations.
- Passport/Visa:
Travellers from most western countries do not need to arrange a visa prior to entry. Tourist cards are granted on arrival for USD 10 and are good for stays up to 90 days. Extensions are possible for a fee of USD 2 per day. All visitors must be in possession of onward or return tickets, documents for their destination outside of Nicaragua and evidence of sufficient funds to support themselves for the duration of their stay. There is currently a requirement to have a ‘negative COVID-19 RT-PCR Test’ certificate or a Full Vaccination Certificate to enter Nicaragua. If entering by air, visitors should check with their airline that they are satisfied that these requirements have been met. It is recommended that tourists have six months’ validity remaining on their passports upon arrival in any country.
- Currency:
The currency is the Nicaraguan córdoba (NIO). US Dollars can also be used for most common transactions. Bills must be in good condition to be accepted, but damaged bills can be exchanged at banks. All major cities have ATMs and most hotels and restaurants accept credit card payments.
- Electricity:
- Electrical current in Nicaragua is 120 volts, 60Hz. Flat blade plugs are used.
Overview
Known as the ‘land of lakes and volcanoes’, the sublime natural features of Nicaragua make the country a paradise for hikers and nature lovers. There’s probably no better destination for travellers looking for close encounters with volcanoes, both dormant and active.
The massive Lake Nicaragua provides a variety of exciting opportunities to explore on water and land. The largely unexplored and pristine rainforest of the Bosawas Biosphere Reserve dominates about 15 percent of Nicaragua.
Sun and sand enthusiasts also will not be disappointed. Those looking for a tropical getaway as yet unspoiled by crowds, and developed urban growth should holiday on the white beaches of the Corn Islands.
The tourist infrastructure in many of these places is not widely developed, making Nicaragua ideal for adventurous travellers looking for an experience of nature, rather than those wanting luxury and glamour.
However, Nicaragua’s cities do offer urban fun, with Managua, Granada, and mountainous Matagalpa providing convenient travel hubs, colonial architecture, and interesting cultural experiences. The warmth of the climate is a pleasant bonus when travelling through Nicaragua.
Climate in Nicaragua
Nicaragua has a tropical climate and is hot year round with little seasonal variation. The wet season occurs from May to October, defined by potential daily showers and short heavy rainfalls. On the east coast, rains last longer into the year and the region experiences flooding during the rainy season.
The dry season is from November to April, when there is almost no rain and it can get very dry. The rainy season doesn’t rule out travel because tropical downpours tend to be over quickly and the sun comes out soon afterwards.
Tropical storms and hurricanes are possible between July and October, with travellers preferring to avoid this period. Temperature fluctuations result mainly from elevation, with average temperatures differing widely between sea level and lowlands, and highlands and highland peaks.
Lowland daytime temperatures average above 86°F (30°C) with as much as 84% humidity, and highland temperatures average above 75°F (24°C). The hottest months are March and April. The best time to visit Nicaragua depends on desired activities and region, but the peak tourist season is between December and March.
Health Notes when travelling to Nicaragua
Visitors from a yellow fever infected area in the Americas or Africa require proof of their vaccination before entry; all eligible travellers should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. Malaria is a threat in many regions of Nicaragua and travellers are advised to seek medical advice and take some form prophylaxis.
Insect repellent and mosquito nets should be used to avoid malaria and dengue fever, both of which are carried by mosquitos. Recommended vaccinations include ones for hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and typhoid, and for rabies for those coming into contacts with animals, especially bats.
Modern medical facilities in Nicaragua are only found in major towns and cities, the best of which are in Managua. Rural communities lack modern hospitals and equipment, and medications are in short supply. If needing a hospital in Nicaragua, travellers should indicate that they desire a private hospital.
Comprehensive travel insurance is essential and travellers should take along any medication they require in its original packaging, and accompanied by a signed and dated letter from a doctor detailing what it is and why it is needed.
The most common health affliction for tourists is traveller’s diarrhoea, which is preventable by safe water and food consumption. Travellers should not drink tap water, and should use common sense when eating uncooked foods.
Safety Notes when travelling to Nicaragua
Nicaragua is one of the safest countries to visit in the region and most trips are trouble-free. Travellers should avoid taking buses after dark, though, as road conditions are poor and highway driving during these hours is especially dangerous.
Political demonstrations and protests occur sporadically in urban areas and can become violent; tourists should avoid all street gatherings. Also, theft and violent crime are becoming more common in urban areas of the usually safe country. Travellers should be careful of muggings in taxis and only use official taxis with red license plates and the driver’s ID above the dash.
Powerful waves and currents can make Nicaragua’s beaches dangerous, and swimmers and surfers should exercise caution.
Customs in Nicaragua
A firm handshake for men and a peck on the cheek for women are customary greetings in Nicaragua. Visitors should note that while locals welcome haggling in markets and with street vendors, they don’t accept it in shops. It’s good manners to use the supplied shot glass to measure a drink when sharing a bottle of rum, rather than pouring freely from the bottle.
Duty Free in Nicaragua
Visitors to Nicaragua may import up to 200 cigarettes or 500g of tobacco, five litres of liquor, and five bottles of perfume. Fresh foods, live animals, plants and their products are restricted. Firearms require an import license.
Doing Business in Nicaragua
Business customs in Nicaragua are relatively straightforward, as many Nicaraguan executives were educated in the United States and are familiar with U.S. business etiquette. Business lunches can last longer than one hour and are a good way to build a personal relationship. Indeed, small talk is an essential part of most meetings, though topics such as politics, religion and socio-economic issues are best avoided; foreigners should wait for the host to direct the conversation to business. Meetings tend to end naturally rather than at a set time, and it’s considered rude to rush off without staying to chat.
Open-collar attire is acceptable for most meetings, but Nicaraguans who are accustomed to dealing with foreigners may dress more formally. Punctuality is important, though meetings typically begin late. Businesses remain open at midday, but executives may be unavailable between noon and 2pm.
Communication in Nicaragua
The international access code for Nicaragua is +505. The outgoing code is 00, followed by the relevant country code (00 44 for the United Kingdom).
Local mobile phone calls are usually cheapest with locally bought SIM cards and public wifi is widely available in all major cities and tourist centres. The country’s mobile data network is always improving and works well in big cities, but can be painfully slow in rural areas.
Tipping in Nicaragua
Tips are not expected in Nicaragua except with guides and at restaurants, where a tip of around 10 percent is the norm for table service.
Passport/Visa Note
Travellers from most western countries do not need to arrange a visa prior to entry. Tourist cards are granted on arrival for USD 10 and are good for stays up to 90 days. Extensions are possible for a fee of USD 2 per day. All visitors must be in possession of onward or return tickets, documents for their destination outside of Nicaragua and evidence of sufficient funds to support themselves for the duration of their stay. There is currently a requirement to have a ‘negative COVID-19 RT-PCR Test’ certificate or a Full Vaccination Certificate to enter Nicaragua. If entering by air, visitors should check with their airline that they are satisfied that these requirements have been met. It is recommended that tourists have six months’ validity remaining on their passports upon arrival in any country.
Entry Requirements
- Entry requirements for Americans:
Americans require a valid passport, but a visa is not necessary for touristic stays of up to 90 days. A tourist card, costing USD 10, will need to be purchased on arrival.
- Entry requirements for Canadians:
Canadians require a passport valid for six months beyond the date of arrival, but a visa is not necessary for touristic stays of up to 90 days. A tourist card, costing USD 10, will need to be purchased on arrival.
- Entry requirements for UK nationals:
UK nationals require a passport valid for six months beyond the date of arrival, but a visa is not necessary for touristic stays of up to 90 days. A tourist card, costing USD 10, will need to be purchased on arrival.
- Entry requirements for Australians:
Australians require a passport valid for six months beyond the date of arrival, but a visa is not necessary for touristic stays of up to 90 days. A tourist card, costing USD 10, will need to be purchased on arrival.
- Entry requirements for Irish nationals:
Irish nationals require a passport valid for six months beyond date of arrival, but a visa is not necessary for touristic stays of up to 90 days. A tourist card, costing USD 10, will need to be purchased on arrival.
- Entry requirements for New Zealanders:
New Zealand nationals require a passport valid for six months beyond arrival, but a visa is not necessary for touristic stays of up to 90 days. A tourist card, costing USD 10, will need to be purchased on arrival.
- Entry requirements for South Africans:
South Africans require a passport valid for six months beyond date of arrival, but a visa is not necessary for touristic stays of up to 90 days. A tourist card, costing USD 10, will need to be purchased on arrival.
Tourist Offices
Nicaraguan Institute of Tourism, Managua, Nicaragua: +505 2254 5191 or http://www.visitanicaragua.com/ingles
Nicaragua Embassies
- In the United States:
Embassy of Nicaragua in Washington DC, United States: +1 (202) 939 6570.
- In Canada:
Nicaraguan Embassy, Ottawa, Canada: +1 (613) 252 5880.
- In the United Kingdom:
Embassy of Nicaragua, London, United Kingdom (also responsible for Ireland): +44 (020) 7938 2373.
Foreign Embassies in Nicaragua
- American Embassy
US Embassy, Managua: +505 2252 7100.
- Canadian Embassy
Canadian Embassy, San José, Costa Rica (also responsible for Nicaragua): +506 2242 4400.
- British Embassy
British Embassy San Jose, Costa Rica (also responsible for Nicaragua): +506 2258 2025.
- South African Embassy
South African Honorary Consulate, Managua, Nicaragua: (+505) 2270 5634.
Public Holidays Around the World
Planning your year? Knowing public holidays in different countries can help you plan trips, schedule events, or understand global schedules. Below, find a comprehensive list of public holidays sorted by country.
