Exploring the Wonders of Kenya: A Guide to Its Nature and Culture
Kenya sits at the centre of the African safari experience, and has an outstanding variety of wild animals and Big Five viewing opportunities. Safaris are no doubt its greatest attraction, but it’s a country of great diversity with much more to offer. This is a land of adventure where the coast offers beaches and water-based activities; the mountains present an irresistible challenge to hikers and climbers; and the rolling savannahs are a game-viewer’s paradise.
The country sits astride the equator, offering fabulous scenery and a variety of tribal cultures. From its central location, the sacred peaks of Mt Kenya reign over a landscape primarily covered by grasslands and thorn trees, much of it enclosed within its many national parks and reserves.
To the west, the spectacular Great Rift Valley is sprinkled with lakes teeming with a variety of birdlife, whose shores and surrounds are encircled by agricultural farmlands. To the east lies the promise of an idyllic beach holiday with the requisite white palm-fringed beaches and pristine coral reefs.
Inhabiting the highlands and Rift Valley are two of the most well-known of the numerous African tribal cultures, the Kikuyu farmers and the tall, red-clad Maasai cattle herders. The coast is home to ancient Swahili civilisations and old port towns that are rich in a history of exotic spice trading and fighting.
Kenya has a sophisticated tourism infrastructure, with two major cities controlling the majority of the tourism trade. Nairobi, the capital, is the safari and hiking hub, situated in the cool Central Highlands, while on the east coast the hot and humid trading port of Mombasa functions as the gateway to the resorts and pristine beaches of the area.
Key Facts
- Language:
- English is the official language but Swahili is the national language, with 42 ethnic languages spoken.
- Passport/Visa:
All foreign passengers to Kenya must hold proof of sufficient funds to cover their stay in the country, return or onward tickets, and the necessary travel documentation for their next destination. Most foreign nationals require a visa, and some foreign nationals can obtain visas on arrival in Kenya, provided that their passport is in good condition, and they have at least one blank page in their passport for the visa endorsement. The visa fee is payable in USD, GBP or EUR, cash only. On-arrival visas are valid for three months. It is also possible to obtain an e-visa prior to departure for Kenya. A valid, 90 day, multiple entry or re-entry “East African Tourist Visa” issued by Rwanda or Uganda will suffice, provided the passanger in posession of the document has previously entered the country that first issued the visa. A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required to enter Kenya if arriving within six days of leaving or transiting through an infected area. It is highly recommended that travellers’ passport have at least six months’ validity remaining after the intended date of departure from their travel destination. Immigration officials often apply different rules to those stated by travel agents and official sources.
- Currency:
The unit of currency is the Kenyan shilling (KES), which is divided into 100 cents. It is not advisable to take Kenyan Shillings out of the country, as they are difficult to exchange elsewhere. Foreign currency can be changed at banks, bureaux de change and hotels. It’s easiest to exchange US dollars, pounds sterling or euros. International credit cards are accepted in the larger hotels and stores, and some camps and lodges. ATMs are widely available in Nairobi and other major towns.
- Electricity:
- The electrical current is 240 volts, 50Hz. UK-style square three-pin plugs are used.
Overview
There is an abundance of things to see and do in Kenya, a country which boasts some of Africa’s most famous and sought-after tourist attractions. Kenya is essentially a dream destination for African wildlife safaris and most of its attractions revolve around the incredible game reserves, as well as the famous naturalists and wildlife professionals who have worked in the country.
Game viewing is a must as there are quintessential destinations near Nairobi such as the Masai Mara National Reserve, while Hell’s Gate National Park is located in the Great Rift Valley. Travellers can visit Elsamere Conservation Centre or take in the natural splendour of Lake Naivasha. They can also head to the Karen Blixen Museum and enjoy the Giraffe Centre and the Sheldrick Elephant Orphanage.
Another draw card for Kenyan tourism is the wonderful coastline and idyllic beaches. The warm waters of the Indian Ocean are ideal for swimming and watersports, and there are some well-preserved coral reefs to explore beneath the surface. There are a number of popular resorts along the Kenyan coast and Mombasa is an interesting port city. Kenya has pleasant weather throughout the year, making this a great beach holiday destination.
Climate in Kenya
The climate of Kenya ranges from tropical on the coast, where the weather is hot and humid, to the temperate nature of the inland regions. It is cool and wet in the highlands, and dry in the northern areas.
The capital, Nairobi, experiences cool winters and mild, pleasant summer temperatures. The best time to visit Kenya is probably during the dry season from January to March, and July to October. The rainy seasons in Kenya are April to June and October to early December.
The dry season is the best time for safaris as it’s easier to see the animals when the grass is shorter and they congregate around the water holes. The annual migration in the Masai Mara is best seen from July to October, though the precise timing of this natural phenomenon varies each year.
The weather on the coast is pleasant year round but generally hot and humid conditions prevail, tempered by strong onshore breezes. The best time to holiday on the coast is from December to March, while April to May are the wettest months; there is also a short rainy season from October to November. The lowlands are hot and dry and the highlands (including Nairobi) are more temperate and cool at night.
Health Notes when travelling to Kenya
Travellers should get the latest medical advice on vaccinations and malaria prevention at least three weeks prior to departure. A malaria risk exists all year round in Kenya, but more so around Mombasa and the lower coastal areas than in Nairobi and on the high central plateau. Immunisation against yellow fever, polio and typhoid are usually recommended. A yellow fever certificate is required by anyone arriving from an infected area. Other risks include diarrheal diseases. Protection against bites from sandflies, mosquitoes, and tsetse flies is the best prevention against malaria and dengue fever, as well as other insect-borne diseases, including Rift Valley fever, sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis and Chikungunya fever. Water is of variable quality and visitors are advised to drink bottled water. There are good medical facilities in Nairobi and Mombasa but travel insurance is always advised.
Safety Notes when travelling to Kenya
There is a threat from Somali terrorist groups in Kenya and visitors should be vigilant in public places and tourist sites. Several bombings have targeted Mombasa, Nairobi and other cities in recent years, most blamed on the Al Qaeda-linked Al-Shabaab group. Several governments have instituted travel warnings and alerts for parts of Kenya and travellers are advised to read up on the situation and which areas should be avoided before visiting the country.
Visitors should be alert to the threat of robberies and muggings at all times in Nairobi, but particularly at night. They should also be vigilant in Mombasa.
Banditry occurs in the northern areas and there have been armed attacks in the resort areas of northern Kenya near the border of Somalia. Several governments have advised against all but essential travel to coastal areas within 93 miles (150km) of the Somalian border, and inland areas within 37 miles (60km) of the border.
Piracy has also been a concern off the coast of Kenya. There have previously been incidents of attacks and hijackings of private vessels, though there have been no recent reports. Visitors should also take sensible precautions when driving. In particular, landmines have been used in attacks around Moyale, close to the main A2 road south. Vehicles crossing the border at this point should stay on the A2.
Customs in Kenya
Taking of photographs of official buildings is not advised and could lead to detention; photography is prohibited at airports. Coastal towns are predominantly Muslim and religious customs and sensitivities should be respected, particularly during Ramadan. Dress should be conservative away from the beaches and resorts, particularly for women. Homosexuality is against the law. Smoking in public places is illegal, other than in designated smoking areas, and violators will be fined or imprisoned.
Duty Free in Kenya
Travellers to Kenya over 18 years do not have to pay duty on 250g tobacco products; 1 litre of spirits; and 500ml perfume. Prohibited items include fruit, imitation firearms, and children’s toys pistols. No plants may be brought into the country without a Plant Import Permit (PIP).
Doing Business in Kenya
Business in Kenya tends to be conducted formally and conservatively, with the appropriate attire of a jacket and tie. Patience, cultural sensitivity, tolerance for uncertainty and the ability to build personal relationships with business associates are all central to successfully doing business in the country.
Ethnic division and corruption undermine the Kenyan economy, but they are realities in the business world of Kenya. Despite red tape and numerous pitfalls, Kenya is a land of business opportunity and the IT and telecoms sectors are rapidly expanding.
The concept of harambee is important in local business culture, and involves a sense of community, responsibility and mutual assistance. Deference to seniority is important, as is social standing, while using official titles is key during introductions and greetings.
Terse statements should be avoided and controlling one’s emotions is vitally important. While punctuality is key and meetings should begin on time, they often don’t end on time. When introducing a new deal, it’s important to illustrate respect for tradition and history. Deals generally only close when it is clear that all the possible information has been considered and deliberated upon.
Interpersonal relationships add to business success, and understanding Kenyan culture and history is a great way of building business contacts. Building a solid business relationship is prioritised over meeting deadlines and closing deals.
English is the language of business. Business hours run from 9am to 5pm on weekdays and dress style should be formal with suits or smart-casual wear. Gifts are important and generally expected. Taking time to greet everyone and enquire about the health of their family will ensure a smooth business meeting.
Respect for elders is important too, and if foreigners are invited to dinner, they should never begin eating until the eldest member has started. Also, foreigners should refrain from leaving food on their plate. In introductions, clasping an elder or key business associate’s wrist with the other hand while shaking hands conveys respect.
Communication in Kenya
The international access code for Kenya is +254. Area codes are also in use. Purchasing a local SIM card is simple and most hotels, restaurants and cafes in tourist areas offer free WiFi access.
Tipping in Kenya
Tipping is not customary in Kenya, though a 10 percent service charge may be added to the bill in more upmarket restaurants. Small change in local currency may be offered to taxi drivers, porters and waiters; safari drivers, guides and cooks often rely heavily on tips to get by, but these are discretionary.
Passport/Visa Note
All foreign passengers to Kenya must hold proof of sufficient funds to cover their stay in the country, return or onward tickets, and the necessary travel documentation for their next destination. Most foreign nationals require a visa, and some foreign nationals can obtain visas on arrival in Kenya, provided that their passport is in good condition, and they have at least one blank page in their passport for the visa endorsement. The visa fee is payable in USD, GBP or EUR, cash only. On-arrival visas are valid for three months. It is also possible to obtain an e-visa prior to departure for Kenya. A valid, 90 day, multiple entry or re-entry “East African Tourist Visa” issued by Rwanda or Uganda will suffice, provided the passanger in posession of the document has previously entered the country that first issued the visa. A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required to enter Kenya if arriving within six days of leaving or transiting through an infected area. It is highly recommended that travellers’ passport have at least six months’ validity remaining after the intended date of departure from their travel destination. Immigration officials often apply different rules to those stated by travel agents and official sources.
Entry Requirements
- Entry requirements for Americans:
US citizens must have a passport valid for at least six months beyond the date of their arrival in Kenya. A visa is required.
- Entry requirements for Canadians:
Canadian citizens must have a passport that is valid for at least six months beyond the date of their arrival in Kenya.A visa is required.
- Entry requirements for UK nationals:
British citizens must have a passport that is valid for at least six months beyond the date of their arrival in Kenya. A visa is required.
- Entry requirements for Australians:
Australian citizens must have a passport that is valid for at least six months beyond the date of their arrival in Kenya. A visa is required.
- Entry requirements for Irish nationals:
Irish citizens must have a passport that is valid for at least six months beyond the date of their arrival in Kenya. A visa is required.
- Entry requirements for New Zealanders:
New Zealand citizens must have a passport that is valid for at least six months beyond the date of their arrival in Kenya. A visa is required.
- Entry requirements for South Africans:
South African citizens must have a passport that is valid for at least six months beyond the date of their arrival in Kenya. A visa is not required for stays of up to 30 days.
Tourist Offices
Kenyan Tourist Board: +254 (0)20 271 1262 or http://www.magicalkenya.com
Kenya Embassies
- In the United States:
Kenyan Embassy, Washington DC, United States: +1 202 387 6101.
- In Canada:
Kenyan High Commission, Ottawa, Canada: +1 613 563 1773.
- In the United Kingdom:
Kenyan High Commission, London, United Kingdom (also responsible for Ireland): +44 (0)20 7636 2371.
- In Australia:
Kenyan High Commission, Canberra, Australia (also responsible for New Zealand): +61 (0)2 6247 4788.
- In South Africa:
Kenyan High Commission, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 (0)12 362 2249.
Foreign Embassies in Kenya
- American Embassy
United States Embassy, Nairobi: +254 (0)20 712 3304.
- Canadian Embassy
Canadian High Commission, Nairobi: +254 (0)20 366 3000.
- British Embassy
British High Commission, Nairobi: +254 (0)20 284 4000.
- Australian Embassy
Australian High Commission, Nairobi: +254 (0)20 427 7100.
- Irish Embassy
Honorary Consul of Ireland, Nairobi: +254 (0)20 235 7242.
- New Zealand Embassy
New Zealand Consulate, Nairobi: +254 0(20) 804 5100.
- South African Embassy
South African High Commission, Nairobi: +254 (0)20 282 7236.
Public Holidays Around the World
Planning your year? Knowing public holidays in different countries can help you plan trips, schedule events, or understand global schedules. Below, find a comprehensive list of public holidays sorted by country.
