Discover the Beauty and Culture of Azerbaijan
Armenia is a captivating destination, long acknowledged as a cradle of civilisation with centuries of ancient history to unravel. Armenia was one of the first countries to adopt Christianity as its official state religion and many of the country’s surviving ancient monuments are Christian churches and monasteries. Mount Ararat, in Turkey, was once within the borders of Armenia before the area was divided between Turkey and the USSR, and is believed to be the landing site of Noah’s ark. Armenians still consider the mountain to be a symbol of their land, and it features on their national emblem today.
Present-day Armenia is a tiny landlocked country sandwiched between the Black and Caspian Seas, occupying but a fraction of the ancient Armenia. Its capital, Yerevan, is one of the world’s oldest cities, established years before the founding of ancient Rome.
Armenia is mountainous and incredibly picturesque. The countryside is riddled with small lakes, and also reveals one of the world’s biggest mountain lakes, Lake Sevan. The mountains are home to health spas and treatment centres, and the Tavush region is known for its healing mineral waters, with popular resorts such as Ijevan and Dilijan.
The Kotayk region has some of Armenia’s most spectacular scenery. The resort of Tsakhkadzor (‘canyon of flowers’) is most popular in winter, with excellent skiing. Visitors to the Syunik region will find beautiful natural springs, as well as the Tatev Monastery, Karahunj (the Stonehenge of Armenia), and the Shaki Waterfall. To the north, the Lori region is great for hiking, and has two UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the monasteries of Sanahin and Haghpat, as well as the Odzun Cathedral. East of Yerevan lies the spiritual centre of Armenia, the Holy See of Echmiadzin, the most significant cathedral in the world’s oldest Christian nation.
Key Facts
- Language:
- Armenian is the official language, and it has its own alphabet. Russian is widely spoken and English is becoming more prominent.
- Passport/Visa:
All passports must be valid for the period of intended stay. It is highly recommended that passports always be valid for six months after departure when travelling. It is recommended that all visitors requiring a visa should obtain it prior to arrival from the Armenian Embassy in their home country; however, visas are obtainable for some nationalities for a tourist stay of up to four months at Yerevan Airport, if holding sufficient funds and proof of onward travel. This is payable in local currency only.
- Currency:
The official currency of Armenia is the Dram (AMD), which is divided into 100 luma. Foreign currency can be exchanged at banks as well as many hotels, with US dollars being the most widely recognised and easily changed currency, though notes should be in good condition. Credit cards are accepted at stores and restaurants in the capital. ATMs are now widely available in cities as well as small towns. It is advisable to carry plenty of small change in local currency as shops and markets will often not have change.
- Electricity:
- Electrical current in Armenia is 230 volts, 50Hz. Round, two-pin attachment plugs and Schuko plugs are in use.
Climate in Azerbaijan
Nine out of the 11 existing climate zones are present in Azerbaijan, although most of the country is dry semi-arid steppe. Generally speaking, summers are hot and winters are mild and wet, with snow in the mountains. Average temperatures range from 41°F (5°C) in the mountainous regions to 81°F (27°C) in the lowlands in summer, and 14°F (-10°C) to 37°F (3°C) in winter. The best time to travel for warm and dry weather is between April and October, but mountainous areas are best visited in the summer months of July and August. Baku is very hot and humid in the summer. Late spring and early summer, between April and June, are the best time to visit Azerbaijan, as the weather is warm and the flowers are in bloom.
Health Notes when travelling to Azerbaijan
No vaccinations are required for entry to Azerbaijan, but travellers should ensure that all routine vaccinations are up to date. Vaccinations for hepatitis A and hepatitis B are recommended for all travellers. Most health facilities are state-owned and equipment and staff training often fall short of Western standards. Outside of the capital, medical care and supplies may be difficult to come by and serious medical problems will require air evacuation to another country; comprehensive medical insurance is advised.
Safety Notes when travelling to Azerbaijan
The crime rate is relatively low, but muggings do occur in central Baku, particularly at night. Political gatherings and demonstrations should be avoided as these have become violent in the past. Unlicensed taxis should be avoided. Corruption is widespread. The area around Nagorno-Karabakh has long been the subject of dispute between Azerbaijan and Armenia and most foreign governments advise against travel to the region due to ongoing outbreaks of violence, despite the ceasefire.
Customs in Azerbaijan
Most of the country is Muslim and visitors should respect religious customs, particularly during the month of Ramadan, when eating, drinking, and smoking during daylight hours should be discreet as it is forbidden by the Muslim culture.
Travellers should dress modestly, especially when visiting mosques or religious shrines. More specifically, women should cover arms and legs, and men should not wear shorts, even in summer.
Although homosexuality is legal in Azerbaijan, public displays of affection will cause offence, especially outside the capital. Foreign nationals are routinely subject to police checks and it is advisable to carry identification at all times.
Duty Free in Azerbaijan
Travellers older than 18 may bring 600 cigarettes, 3 litres of alcohol, 10kg of food products and goods up to the value of US$1,500 without paying customs duty. Banned items include weapons, narcotics and material encouraging terrorism or violence. Permission must be granted by the government before cultural artefacts, such as antique carpets, are exported from the country.
Doing Business in Azerbaijan
Personal contact and relationship-building is critical in Azerbaijan, which means that meetings are more effective than long-distance communication. It is common to exchange business cards in meetings, and these should be in Russian or English and have an Azeri translation on the reverse.
The language of business is Azeri or Russian, and translators will be required for those who don’t speak either language. Azeris tend to be polite and visitors should be aware that a ‘yes’ might actually mean ‘no’.
Culturally, there is a strong emphasis on not causing ‘loss of face’ publically. Azeris should not be rushed into making a business decision. Gender roles are traditional and businesswomen might be met with scepticism.
Communication in Azerbaijan
The international dialling code for Azerbaijan is +994. Roaming charges are high and it is best to buy a local SIM card. WiFi is available is many hotels and cafes in Baku, but internet freedom is poor, and there are many infrastructural challenges such as low quality connections.
Tipping in Azerbaijan
Service charges are usually included in bills and tipping is not compulsory. However, taxi-drivers, waiters and hotel staff are commonly given some small change.
Passport/Visa Note
A valid passport and a visa are required for travel to Azerbaijan. To obtain any type of visa, visitors must present a letter of invitation from a contact in Azerbaijan, such as an employer or educational institution. If neither option is possible, visitors should have a travel agency in Azerbaijan submit an invitation letter. E-visas can be obtained before departure and it is recommended that passports be valid for six months after departure from this or any holiday destination.
Entry Requirements
- Entry requirements for Americans:
US nationals require a valid passport and a visa.
- Entry requirements for Canadians:
Canadians require a valid passport and a visa.
- Entry requirements for UK nationals:
UK nationals require a valid passport and a visa.
- Entry requirements for Australians:
Australians require a valid passport and a visa.
- Entry requirements for Irish nationals:
Irish nationals require a valid passport and a visa.
- Entry requirements for New Zealanders:
New Zealand nationals require a valid passport and a visa.
- Entry requirements for South Africans:
South Africans require a valid passport and a visa.
Tourist Offices
Official tourism website: http://www.azerbaijan.travel
Azerbaijan Embassies
- In the United States:
Azerbaijan Embassy, Washington DC, United States: +1 202 337 3500.
- In Canada:
Azerbaijan Embassy, Ottawa, Canada: +1 613 288 0497.
- In the United Kingdom:
Azerbaijan Embassy, London, United Kingdom (also responsible for Ireland): +44 20 7938 3412.
- In Australia:
Azerbaijan Embassy, Canberra, Australia: +61 2 6290 5600.
- In South Africa:
Azerbaijan Embassy, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 12 346 1018.
Foreign Embassies in Azerbaijan
- American Embassy
United States Embassy, Baku: +994 12 488 3300.
- Canadian Embassy
Canadian Embassy, Ankara, Turkey (also responsible for Azerbaijan): +90 312 409 2700.
- British Embassy
British Embassy, Baku: +994 (12) 437 7878.
- Australian Embassy
Australian Embassy, Ankara, Turkey (also responsible for Azerbaijan): +90 312 459 9500.
- Irish Embassy
Irish Embassy, Ankara, Turkey (also responsible for Azerbaijan): +90 312 459 1000.
- South African Embassy
South African Embassy, Ankara, Turkey (also responsible for Azerbaijan): +90 312 405 6861.
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